Tinokugashirai kuGreat Zimbabwe
Tinokugashirai kuGreat Zimbabwe National Monument, mucherechedzo wetsika nenhaka kunyika yeZimbabwe uyewo iri UNESCO World Heritage Site. Great Zimbabwe National Monument. inowanikwa munhika dzezvikomo zviri pedyo nedhorobha reMasvingo, uye iri chinhambwe chingade maawa mana kubva kuHarare nemotokari. Guta repasichigare iri rinoratidza humhizha hwaro hunoshamisa kubudikidza nemadziro akavakwa nemabwe asina kunamwa, uyewo nezvimwe zvivakwa zvakaitwa pachishandiswa ivhu rechuru. Great Zimbabwe National Monument yakavakwa panguva yemasenjuri epakati pegumi nemaviri negumi nemashanu munguva yekushandiswa kwehumhizha hweutare nevanhu vatema (African Iron Age). Nzvimbo iyi ine zvivakwa zviri muchikomo cheHill Complex, neruzhowa rukuru rweGreat Enclosure, pamwechete nematongo emunhika (Valley Ruins). Paunondeya nepamusoro peruzhowa rukuru rweGreat Enclosure mukushanya kuno, uchaona madziro akaita shongwe, uchaona mipata yemabwe yakamanikana, uyewo nehumhizha hwekutemwa nekurongedzwa kwemabwe kunoshamisa chinova chiratidzo chehunyanzvi hwevanhu vechiShona nehushe hwakanga huchitongamo. Zita rekuti “Zimbabwe” kureva kuti “dzimba dzakavakwa nemabwe” harina kungozove zita nechimiro chenyika chete, asiwo zvakare mucherechedzo wekusadzima kwehumhizha nerudadiso rwevanhu vatema. Muchiitiko chino chekushanya uchishandisa mifananidzo, uchasangana naSenior Tour Guide, VaLovemore Mwaiyana, VaMatubede Mhute Mudavanhu vanova Ishe Mugabe, uyewo nevagari vemunzvimbo vanotipa zvinoreva Great Zimbabwe maringe nezvehumhizha, nhoroondo yenyika pamwechetewo nezvemweya.
Stop 1. Kupinda muruzhowa rukuru rweGreat Enclosure
Patiri kupinda nepamusiwo wechivovo chakavakwa zvine unyanzvi, tinenge tichipinda mudumbu meruzhowa rukuru rweGreat Enclosure, chinova chivakwa chemabwe chepasichigare chakakura pane zvese mudunhu reSub-Saharan Africa. Musiwo uno wakamanikana, wakavakwa nechinangwa chekuvanza uyewo nekudzivirira ndiwo waiita kuti mukati umu musango pindwa senzira yekuchengetedza vatongi nevashandi vavo vaive mukati. Ruzhowa rukuru rweGreat Enclosure rwakavakwa pachishandiswa mafendefa emabwe anodarika miriyoni asi pasina simendi kana chekunamisa. Shongwe dzemadziro eruzhohwa urwu pamwechete nemipata inopindana-pindana iri mukati inoratidza njere dzekuronga chivakwa chine basa rekuchengetedza. Great Zimbabwe yaisimbove musha wevanhu vanodarika zviuru gumi, uriwo muzongoza wezvekutenga nekutengeserana, zvematongerwo enyika nekunamata kwevanhu vatema. Kuvanhu vechiShona vanove vanhu vemitauro yeChiBantu vane madzitateguru akavaka Great Zimbabwe, madziro emabwe aya haangori matongo eruzivo rwakare anoyera, uye anofungirwa kuti misha yemweya yemadzitateguru avo. Nanhasi uno Great Zimbabwe ichine besanwa revanhu vanouya kuzoita chikaranga nekupira kunoitwa nemadzishe anobva kumatunhu mana achiremekedza kukosha kwayo kumadzitateguru.
Lovemore Mwaiyana
Great Enclosure inoshamisa nehunyanzvi hwekare hwekuvaka, yaiva yekupedzisira kuvakwa kukuru, zvichireva kuti makore achifamba huwandu hwevanhu hwaikura. ...saka paivawo nevakawanda vekushanda, uye hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuvaka hwaivandudzika. Ine kutenderera kweanenge 255 metres, uye kumwe kunzvimbo dzayo, madziro ane urefu hwemamita 11, uye hwaro hwacho hwakafara mamita 5 kusvika ku6. Pasina samente kana dhaka rakashandiswa. Saka kuti madziro asimbe uye arege kuwa, hwaro hwaiitwa hwakapamhama. Zvadaro madziro ainetseka kuita matete paanokwira kumusoro. Pakakwirira, ane upamhi hwemamita 3 kusvika ku4, uye nepakati... ...vakashandisa matombo anorema anenge matani 18,000. [Chivakwa ichi] ndicho chechipiri pakukura pakati pezvivakwa zvepre-colonial, chinotevera mapiramidhi eEjipita muAfrica.
Matubede Mhute Mudavanhu
Wai gagwa na matete gredo. Lashita sukaranga swawe momo. Swaita kuti pasirose eritsika. Swaite kama gredi Zimbabwe na wakuredo. Wachigarama wachitonga warimo. Wakaso piswa wina warungu. Sondaye warungu waasina kuhiya nini. Sondaye nini totonga dirimo.
Stop 2. Rwendo munyika mbiri
Kana uchifamba nemumupata wakamanikana wemadziro anofamba akaererana, unongonzwa kudzamirwa nenhoroondo yepasichigare. Mupata uyu kazhinji unotorwa semucherechedzo, unotaura kubuda munyika yevapenyu uchipinda munyika yemweya. Kuremekedzwa kwemweya yenyikadzimu kwaive—uye nanhasi kuchiri kwakakosha kuti hupenyu hutsige nekunakira vanhu. Munguva yehutongi hwevachena, Zimbabwe ichashevedzwa kuti Rhodesia, hukoshwa hwezvivakwa zveGreat Zimbabwe hwaipikisanwa. Nyanzvi dzekutsvaga nhoroondo yekuchera muvhu dzaiti havasi vanhu vatema vakavaka uye dzichiramba kuti inzvimbo ine chekuita nevanhu vechiShona. Zvisinei, kuve kumberi kwehunyanzvi nekushongedzwa kwemadziro akavakwa nezvizvarwa zvakasiyana siyana aya kwemasenjuri anoda kusvika maviri kunoratidza kuti chokwadi Great Zimbabwe yaive dzinde rehunyanzvi hwevanhu vatema. Madziro akavakwa akaita kaku kombamira, pamwechete nemupata uno zvinoratidza mavakiro asingamanikidzwe nenzvimbo, zvinova zvakasiyana zvikuru nekuvaka kwakati twasu uye kusina kusununguka kunonyanyo itwa kunyika dzevachena. Pano kupindana kwenzvimbo dzakavhurika nedzakavharika kunoratidza mafungiro evaShona. Iko kutanga, kupera nekupindana uku zvinoratidza hukama hwakadzama huri munyika yevapenyu neyemweya.
Lovemore Mwaiyana
Chikonzero chikuru chemadziro aive ekudzikamisa mbiri, achiratidza mambo nemhuri yake kukudzwa kwavo kwakakwirira. Chechipiri, aishandiswa senzvimbo yekudzivirira nehondo. Uye chechitatu, aivanza dzimwe nzvimbo kuti dzigare dzakavanzika kubva kuruzhinji. Saka zvivakwa zvematombo zviri muGreat Zimbabwe zvakakamurwa munzvimbo nhatu dzechimiro chekuvaka. Tine Hill Complex, iyo yaive yekutanga... ...kuvakwawo, uye ndipo panotendwa zvikuru kuti mambo aigara. Ziva kuti kuvakwa kwakatora makore anopfuura 190, zvichireva kuti zvizvarwa zvitatu kana zvina zvaigona kunge zvakabatanidzwa. Pavanhu veShona nemamwe marudzi anotaura Bantu, zvinowanzo taurwa kuti chiremera chehushe chakafanana nekusviba kwekugara uri wega kwezvikomo zvine rukudzo.
Matubede Mhute Mudavanhu
Gredi Zimbabwe ndoo pano che megu. Anikaat ndoo guu fure ingika. Pano che megu baso che moso. Wase suingika. Kuti wanwae tika na wachida kuti wawane. Iwe ni fichek bach, wane ngundo tchema mtmbawi. Kana wano inda ngundo tchela. Woto di, woto wia ni ndarama yopuwa mambu. Wale nda ngundo fima, wane ndu wia ni muka. Wane nge washirima mbura yai nai.
Stop 3. Misha yemadzitateguru
Iko zvino tasvika pane dzimba dzevhu dope, ivhu rechuru nedzimba dzakapfi rirwa nehuswa dzaive misha yevagari vemuguta reGreat Zimbabwe. Nhasi uno pangosara matongo edzimba idzi, asi matongo iwayo anotirangaridza hupenyu hwevanhu vakararama munzvimbo iyi. Dzimba idzi dzaivakwa nezvekushandisa vaiwanikwa munharaunda uye zvisingaparadze nyika. Izvi zvinoratidza ruzivo rwematambidzanwa nekunzwisisa zviwanikwa zvenzvimbo dzavo kwairaramisa vanhu vechiShona. Maitirwo edzimba dzevhu anoratidzawo mushandirapamwe mumagariro, pachisiiwawo nzvimbo dzaiitirwa nhimbe, kuchemera nedzekuti vanhu vawadzane. Muzvikamu zvese izvi, Sangana neva gari ve mumusha varikusimbiza kukosha kwekuchengetedza tsika nemagariro epasichigare nechivanhu zvinova zvinobatsira kuti varambe vari vanhu vane hunhu munyika iri kuramba ichishanduka.
Lovemore Mwaiyana
Saka zvivakwa izvi zvaingova zvevane chiremera, zvichireva kuti varombo vaitogarawo nekwavo kunze kwemadziro aya. Saka ivo vaivaka dzimba dzemiti nedaka. Nhasi uno, tinongokwanisa kuona zvivakwa zvakawanda zvevhu. Zviri pachena kuti kwaivewo nekugara kunze kwemadziro aya.
Matubede Mhute Mudavanhu
Saka musha waka kosha kwanu. Ngundo tchendo, ngundo wawa sangani sana matete guru awo Ndogo ngundo wawa sangana ni timu nu mshinji Na ndi maswikuru inika ino yese anu ziwa kukosha kweste mbawi kweze. Ndipo paa yi tchemewa, kuna msika wane.
Xhotshiwe Maphosa
anuchedu. Chinuwa, kudu, chakavumba, kwejtis pako, chakavumba nchiwe. Saka truku zama. Kutivana wadoku wanooswa apa, wagoni kupinda. Murarama ya kararama wakuru edu. Nisubu wakuru tenoora shika. Tarangu tindeta gona kutitukere mchiwe anuchedu. Minzimu edu, chinonzi minzimu edu.
Stop 4. Simba neBudiriro
Shongwe mutungagore (conical tower) inoenda udenga kwemamita mapfumbamwe (9.144 metres) iri mukati meruzhowa rukuru rweGreat Enclosure. Shongwe iyi mucherechedzo unoratidza simba, asi panguva imwechete uri chishamiso. Vanhu havawirirane kuti basa reshongwe iyi raive rei kuti pamwe yaive shongwe yemitambo kana kuti mucherechedzo wesimba—asi shongwe iyi inotaura simba neruremekedzo kune vese vanoiona. Shongwe iyi inoratidza muono nehunyanzvi wevavaki veGreat Zimbabwe. Mavakirwo eshongwe iyi ekuti yakasimba asi ichienda ichinotetepa kumusoro anoratidza kusimba nehutsetswi, zvichinopindirana nehunyanzvi hwakashandiswa kuvaka muzinda uyu wese hwakaita sematanho ekutsika aishandiswa kuti vanhu vasadonhe. Mumazuva emukurumbira wayo, Great Zimbabwe yakanga iri nzvimbo yaiita zvekutenga nekutengeserana nemizinda yematunhu eMaghreb neAsia pachishandiswa zvikepe nevanhu vari munyika dzakasiyanasiyana. Midziyo yakaita seyakaumbwa nemaChaina, emidziyo yenyika dzekuPezhiya, magirazi nezvuma zvekumaArabhu, uyewo negoridhe remuno zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakawanikwa mumuzinda uyu zvinova zvinoratidza kubudirira kwemuzinda uyu nebasa rawaiita semukoko wekutsinhanhiswa kwezvinhu.
Lovemore Mwaiyana
Asi pakupera kwezana remakore rechi11, tinoona kuti goridhe rakawana kukosha kukuru pamusika wenyika. Nekudaro, tinoona kukwira kweGreat Zimbabwe, kwakagara panzvimbo inooneka kubva kumafurawa mana makuru. Chimwe chinobva pamusoro pemakomo chioneka, chakadzvanywa muna 1960, chinonzi Mutirikwi. Kumabvazuva, kune Rwizi rweChiredzi, Runde neTugwi kumadokero. Pamahombekombe emarwizi aya paive nemari yegoridhe inowanikwa, saka mukati megore vaigona kuburitsa matani 25 egoridhe. Zvinosuruvarisa, misha iyi haina kukoshesa goridhe zvakanyanya. Vakaiisa kukoshesa simbi panzvimbo iyo, saka goridhe kwavari kwaingova kwekupfeka. Zvakashandiswa semabhajeti, semuenzaniso. Nhasi uno, kilogrami yegoridhe inodhura kupfuura 75,000 USD. Panguva iyoyo, yaingotengeswa nemabhesi maviri.
Matubede Mhute Mudavanhu
Saka, singwe sacho sahi itwa, because it's a sacred place. Saka, singwe sacho sahi inko itwa mnwai kuna skani fuxa yai kioto tchema su tchemo. Pamunu indawo, sisi pwana kutu mswikiru waku gaita. Pamunu indawo ni nini, nini, nini aryako mwo sika pwepa mwo teketera, mwo tchema swa mweno tchema. Saka... Su kuti swai chemwa sayi Sunu swai itu wapa Saka wanthika Siyungo sikangwa newa idi wacho Newa itunga miri apa kuchema wacho Kwa nasi
Stop 5. Humhizha mumabwe
Micherechedzo yenhanda (chevron patterns) inoonekwa pamusoro pemadziro ekunze inoratidza humhizha hwevavaki veGreat Zimbabwe. Kugonyana-gonyana kwenhanda kwakanga kusiri kwekungoshongedza chete. Kune zvakunoreva mutsika nechitendero chevaShona, kuchibata matingindira akaita sekuuchika, nekutanga patsva. Micherechedzo yenhanda inowanikwawo pahari dzechiShona nemimwe midziyo yekupirisa, zvinova zvinotaura kukurumbira mukushandiswa kwayo nevazhinji. Mberi kweruzhowa rukuru rweGreat Enclosure tinoona zvivezwa zveshiri dzechapungu nehungwe dzinomiririra hukama hwemweya pakati pevaShona nemadzitateguru avo. Kare zvivezwa zveshiri idzi zvakanga zvakaturikwa pamusoro pembiru dzemabwe kuchikomo cheHill Complex, uye muzvitendero zvevaShona nevaVenda chapungu nehungwe zvinoremekedzwa sevatumwa vaMwari, musiki wezvose. Nhasi uno mufananidzo wehungwe kana chapungu unoshevedzwa uchinzi shiri yeZimbabwe unowanikwa pamureza, pamari nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nenyika yeZimbabwe.
Lovemore Mwaiyana
“Zimbabwe” zvinoreva kungoti “imba huru yematombo.” “zi” i prefix inoratidza chinhu chikuru. “mba” izwi riri pamutemo re “imba.” Tinoti “mba” kureva imba. Zvino “bwe” izita remhando yematombo. Saka zita iri rinoreva “imba huru yematombo.” Uye zita... ...”Great” rinoratidza kuti nzvimbo iyi yakasiyana nemamwe akapararira muZimbabwe Highveld. Pakupedzisira, muna 1986, Great Zimbabwe yakazotemwa seNzvimbo yePasi Pese paUNESCO, uye inogona kutaurwa seyechishanu pakukura kwezvivakwa zvepasi rose pamatombo akavakwa nevanhu. Mushure meGreat Wall yeChina, inotevera Machu Picchu, South America nePeru. Mapiramidhi eEgypt, Angkor Wat izvizvi zve-temple muCambodia. Zvino, inotevera Great Zimbabwe.
Lesania Pureni
Swa tiri waka zira tiri mwoti chira wana mwepinda munu, sulo tareza kuti yange wano mwepinda munu. Wano nzubenda, swaka sara kari. Swakati vezo wano ani wakari, karakisa ato wazi. Aso nzubende waku wachi wita yi soso. Nzubende waparapa nzubende kuti nzubende wachu wana, achaka siko wanamastete konegiso. Swaka nzubende, swaka nzubende kuti nzubende ino wakari. Wano warape wachu wia, wachi wita, wachi wana. Swa tiri kuto, wachu wana, umo wote, umo wote wote nzubende, umo wote wote nzubende, umo wote wote nzubende, mweti wote nzubende vezo, hawa hika woku. Wano wia munu, swisi nye kuti wana wane kware munu, wane itaso mbasa asyo wadika aso kuti, tiri mwete kari hoso, wane kware wachu wana waku woku, umo kuti tika za, wane kware wachita, hawa iti tika za woki ili.
Stop 6. Nhaka inorarama
Patiri kuona mufananidzo wemuchadenga weGreat Zimbabwe, tinoona kuti hatisi kungoona chivakwa chepasichigare nzvimbo ino inorarama uye inoramba yakakosha munyaya dzenhaka pamwechete nekuti vanhu veZimbabwe ndivanaani nhasi uno. Tisiri kutarisa kukosha kwayo munhoroondo yenyika, Great Zimbabwe ine basa guru munezvetsika nekunamata, uye inoshanyirwa nevaenzi vekure nevemunyika. Basa rekuchengetedza nzvimbo iyi harisi rekungochengetedza zvivakwa, asi kutiwo nharaunda yayo ichengetedzwe kubva kugukuravhu, nezvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze pamwechetewo nekupindwa nezvinhu zvenguva ino. Kubudikidza nekuremekedza nekuchengetedza nhaka iyi, Great Zimbabwe inzvimbo inoramba ichiisa mweya wekubatana nekuziva kuti ibasa rezvizvarwa zvichatevera.
Lovemore Mwaiyana
Kumufambi, Great Zimbabwe ishanda yekugadzira, njere. Kumushanyi, izvi zvinopfuura zvavakatengesa. Kumutendi, Great Zimbabwe isera yevapfumi. Iyo ndiyo nzira yokuti vanhu vauye uye vabatane nevadzimu vavo. Ichowo chishandiso chakapfuma chekuburitsa pfungwa kumunyika. Hakushamisi kuti yakapa zita rayo...mu1980, [nyika] yakawana kuzvitonga.
Murambiwa Chinoronga
Wana wachibuda mshikoru. Pae pae wano chingjana. Wanti wari pae investor. Imi wakabuda, wakapinda maskati. Wakabuda maskati. Imi mwo, mwo, gamchira wana waya. Kana wapa ku, kunduhila avu. Mwo shwa, zizisakitra, kutichwa, nshishuwa, nshitichiri. Shirege kupera. We no, no, me shahurege kupera. Mwono mwingi. Ezo tote de zaigona. Fungba zaatina. Zo zaipinda wawamwe.